All medications and vaccines have potential risks that must be carefully weighed against the benefits they offer to prevent illness. Vaccination is one of the most successful public health interventions in reducing disease spread, preventing complications, and even deaths, from vaccine-preventable diseases. The success of vaccines in reducing disease should not suggest that vaccine-preventable diseases are no longer a threat.
Even though immunizations have significantly reduced vaccine-preventable diseases, in 2024 in South Carolina there were over 150 outbreaks, including flu and COVID. The majority of these outbreaks occurred in school and nursing home settings, affecting populations of people who are vulnerable to complications. It remains important for everyone to stay up to date on their vaccinations, wash their hands regularly, stay home when sick and observe other infection prevention activities.
No vaccine offers 100% protection and vaccine efficacy, meaning how well a vaccine prevents illness among those vaccinated, varies from one type of vaccine to the next and also depends on the health status of the person vaccinated. For example, the flu vaccine does not protect the elderly against catching the flu as well as it does in younger people. But, very importantly, several studies suggest that elderly people vaccinated against the flu have less severe disease, are less likely to be hospitalized and are less likely to die. We continue to see preventable illness, hospitalizations, and unfortunately deaths in South Carolina from influenza, whooping cough, meningitis, hepatitis B, and other diseases. We also continue to see travelers import diseases, like measles, that are no longer common here but that cause outbreaks in communities with low vaccination rates. Vaccines do have some risk for adverse reaction, the most common being redness and soreness at the injection site, fever, or allergic reactions. More serious complications like seizures and the neurologic condition Guillian-Barre are also reported but occur very rarely and far less commonly than the complications and deaths from vaccine-preventable diseases.
Visit the CDC for more information about vaccine safety.