Insect- and Anthropod-Borne Diseases

Key Points

  • Insects or other arthropods, such as ticks and mites, that transmit disease-causing agents (pathogens) are called vectors.
  • A person who gets bitten by a vector and gets sick could have a vector-borne disease.
  • Examples of vectors that might transmit disease are mosquitoes, black flies, biting midges, sand flies, horse and deer flies, tsetse flies, triatomine bugs, lice, fleas, ticks, and mites.

Overview

  • Among the variety of arthropods that transmit pathogens to people and animals, mosquitoes and ticks are the most important.
  • Viruses and bacteria (including rickettsiae) are the most diverse groups of pathogens transmitted by arthropods, followed by protozoa and filarial nematodes.
  • A virus that is transmitted by insects or other arthropods is usually referred to as an arbovirus (an acronym for arthropod-borne virus).
  • Pathogens can be transmitted by arthropods in two basic ways, biological or mechanical.
    • In biological transmission, the pathogens undergo development or reproduction in the arthropod host.
    • In mechanical transmission, the pathogens are transmitted via contaminated appendages (usually mouthparts) or regurgitation of an infectious blood meal.
  • Refer to CDC’s A−Z Index of Vector-Borne Diseases and Conditions for information about vector-borne diseases, conditions, and other topics.
Tags
Health
Infectious Diseases